2021考研英語閱讀理解錯的多怎么辦?掌握這個方法，你將會事半功倍!
翻開考研英語的試題卷，大家可以發現傳統閱讀的篇幅占了試題冊的一半多。從篇幅我們能推斷出傳統閱讀在考研英語中的“分量”應該很大，事實也如此，傳統閱讀在考研英語總分100分當中占了40分，即將近一半的分數，鑒于此，同學們可以根據閱讀的得分大概推測出自己英語單科的分數，因此江湖也有傳言稱：得閱讀者得天下。
閱讀縱然分值高，難度大，但我們可以通過揣摩命題人的出題思維及意圖并結合學術性議論文的文章結構以及歷年的試題考查情況來總結出一些非常實用的解題技巧進而提高做題的準確率。在之前的文章當中，我們給各位考生分享了關于細節題該如何通過“模糊定位”去確定答案出現的大概范圍的技巧，在這一期我們一起來學習在模糊定位之后如何準確定位到解題句。
細節題準確定位的方法有兩種，一種是通過題干關鍵詞定位，另一種是通過選項關鍵詞定位，其中前者的頻率更高，在解題的時候優先使用。
要使用題干關鍵詞準確定位就要先弄明白何為“關鍵詞”。與大家過往的認知不同，關鍵詞是指“能夠定位到文中唯一一句話”的詞或詞組，簡而言之，關鍵詞具有唯一性，如下題：
The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat. USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next ten years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,” Ashe said.
29.According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is____.
[A]. federal government
[B]. the wildlife agencies
[C]. the landowners
[D]. the states
本題通過題干識別出是細節題之后，通過“題文同序”原則模糊定位到該部分，接下要使用題干中有用的信息去定位，發現Ashe這個專有名詞可以定位到唯一一句話，之前的其他地方都沒有出現過Ashe這個詞，故Ashe這個詞就是我們要找的關鍵詞，本句也即解題句，通過同義替換直接選出D選項。
通過上面的例題給大家展示了關鍵詞的“唯一性”是如何體現的。同時上題是通過關鍵詞的原詞定位到解題句，換言之上道例題的關鍵詞的形式是原詞，但是關鍵詞也會以其他形式給出，如同義替換，所以當題干信息的原詞無法解題時，考慮尋找同義替換。如下題：
① Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned.② School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on this educational ritual.③ Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a students academic grade.
21. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that nowadays homework____.
[A]. is receiving more criticism
[B]. is no longer an educational ritual
[C]. is not required for advanced courses
[D]. is gaining more preferences
本題按照大多數考生的習慣，通過homework定位回原文發現homework以不同的形式出現在很多地方，如第一句的原詞，和代詞it等，不能準確定位到一句話，故homework不是我們要找的關鍵詞。這時考慮題干中另外一個有價值的信息nowadays，發現沒有原詞復現。這種情況下我們去尋找這兩個信息的同義替換，發現homework無同義替換，nowadays對應第一句的in recent years，其他地方未出現，并且句中的it也對應題干中的homework，故nowadays為關鍵詞，且本句為解題句，通過has been scorned與criticism之間的對應關系選出A選項。
前兩題是通過題干的關鍵詞準確定位到解題句，無法通過題干關鍵詞準確定位或定位到的句子無法解題時，我們考慮通過選項關鍵詞定位回原文，通過排除的方式選出正確答案。如下題：
① Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not.② Children were not color-coded at all until the early 20th century, in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them.③ What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.④ When nursery colors were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine color, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength.⑤ Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity.⑥ It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.
27. According to Para.2, which of the following is true of colors?
[A] colors encoded in girl’s DNA
[B] blue used to be regarded as the color for girls
[C] pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing genders
[D] white is preferred by babies
本題通過唯一的一個題干信息定位回原文模糊定位段落的第四句，發現無法解題，所以只能通過選項關鍵詞定位回原文逐一排除。[A]選項通過girl’s DNA定位回第一句，發現最后說it is not，說明粉色并不是編輯在女性DNA中的，與題干中的color以及后半句表述都不符合，排除;[B]選項通過blue定位到原文第五句，刪除中間插入成分后，主干為“藍色象征著女性氣質”，與[B]選項“女性被認為是女子的顏色”是同義替換，故答案為[B]選項;[C]通過pink定位回原文第四句，說的是粉色被認為是更男性化的顏色，與[C]選項說的粉色是中性的顏色不符，排除;[D]選項通過white與babies定位回原文發現并未提及‘prefer偏好’的相關信息，排除。
總結來看，細節題在模糊定位之后，可以通過題干關鍵詞定位回原文解題，關鍵詞是“能夠定位到文中唯一一句話”的詞或詞組，題干關鍵詞的形式可以是原詞也可以是同義替換，在題干關鍵詞無法解題時，可以通過選項關鍵詞定位回原文排除選項解題。這些解題技巧你學會了嗎?
